Vladimir Lenin

Biography

Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (22 April 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known by his alias Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 1922 and of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1924. Under his administration, Russia and then the wider Soviet Union became a one-party communist state governed by the Russian Communist Party. A Marxist, he developed a variant of this communist ideology known as Leninism. Born to a moderately prosperous middle-class family in Simbirsk, Lenin embraced revolutionary socialist politics following his brother's 1887 execution. Expelled from Kazan Imperial University for participating in protests against the Russian Empire's Tsarist government, he devoted the following years to a law degree. He moved to Saint Petersburg in 1893 and became a senior Marxist activist. In 1897, he was arrested for sedition and exiled to Shushenskoye for three years, where he married Nadezhda Krupskaya. After his exile, he moved to Western Europe, where he became a prominent theorist in the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP). In 1903, he took a key role in the RSDLP ideological split, leading the Bolshevik faction against Julius Martov's Mensheviks. Following Russia's failed Revolution of 1905, he campaigned for the First World War to be transformed into a Europe-wide proletarian revolution, which as a Marxist he believed would cause the overthrow of capitalism and its replacement with socialism. After the 1917 February Revolution ousted the Tsar and established a Provisional Government, he returned to Russia to play a leading role in the October Revolution in which the Bolsheviks overthrew the new regime. Lenin's Bolshevik government initially shared power with the Left Socialist Revolutionaries, elected soviets, and a multi-party Constituent Assembly, although by 1918 it had centralised power in the new Communist Party. Lenin's administration redistributed land among the peasantry and nationalised banks and large-scale industry. It withdrew from the First World War by signing a treaty conceding territory to the Central Powers, and promoted world revolution through the Communist International. Opponents were suppressed in the Red Terror, a violent campaign administered by the state security services; tens of thousands were killed or interned in concentration camps. His administration defeated right and left-wing anti-Bolshevik armies in the Russian Civil War from 1917 to 1922 and oversaw the Polish–Soviet War of 1919–1921. Responding to wartime devastation, famine, and popular uprisings, in 1921 Lenin encouraged economic growth through the market-oriented New Economic Policy. Several non-Russian nations had secured independence from the Russian Empire after 1917, but three were re-united into the new Soviet Union in 1922. His health failing, Lenin died in Gorki, with Joseph Stalin succeeding him as the pre-eminent figure in the Soviet government.

Known For

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Karl Marx und seine Erben

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Наше кино

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Laissez-faire

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All'armi siam fascisti!

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Quand le Siècle a Pris Forme (Guerre et révolution)

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Падение династии Романовых

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Human Remains

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Արշալույսի լուսաբացը

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Soviet Union: The Rise and Fall - Part 1

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Tsar to Lenin

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The Soviet Union: A New Look

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Theremin: An Electronic Odyssey

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Синема в России

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Годовщина революции

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1917 - Jahr der Entscheidung

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Stalin: Man of Steel

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The Fight For Peace

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Blackbox Ukraine: Kampf um die Geschichte

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Мозг Советской России

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The Guns of August

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Hitler & Stalin - Portrait einer Feindschaft

Herrar i storm och herrar i krona

Սկիզբը

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Возвращение Вертова

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Beyond the Movie: The Return of the King

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The Russian Revolution

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Кино-Правда № 21: Ленинская Кино-Правда. Кинопоэма о Ленине

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Три песни о Ленине

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Lénine : une autre histoire de la révolution russe

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Die Romanows: Glanz und Untergang des Zarenreichs

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Rasputin: Mord am Zarenhof

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Russia 1917: Countdown to Revolution

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The Corporation

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El elegido

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Lenin: Sosyalizmin Kızıl Şafağı

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La rabbia

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Le Manuscrit sauvé du KGB

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Reagan

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JFK to 9/11: Everything is a Rich Man's Trick

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Naqoyqatsi

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Le fond de l'air est rouge

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La Société du spectacle

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The Village Detective: A Song Cycle

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CCCP (1917-1991)

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Человек Маяковский

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Caudillo

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Padomju stāsts

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历史虚无主义与苏联解体

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Новые сведения о конце света

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Мавзолей

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Волшебный луч

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Москва – столица СССР

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Ленин

Bukharin and the Terror